Night vision reduction is associated with impaired retinal adaptation to darkness, reduced photoreceptor efficiency, oxidative stress within ocular tissues, and inadequate intake of carotenoid-rich plant foods that provide vitamin A precursor compounds. The retina relies heavily on carotenoid metabolism, antioxidant protection systems, mitochondrial energy production, and phototransduction signaling pathways to maintain visual sensitivity during low-light conditions. Rod photoreceptor cells depend on retinal compounds generated from dietary carotenoid precursors including beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin. Reduced intake of colorful plant foods may contribute to diminished support for retinal pigment regeneration and dark adaptation mechanisms. The retina is highly metabolically active and vulnerable to oxidative stress due to constant exposure to light, oxygen metabolism, and mitochondrial activity. Reactive oxygen species may impair photoreceptor membranes, retinal pigment epithelium integrity, and cellular antioxidant defense systems. Oxidative stress may also affect phototransduction signaling and retinal cellular repair pathways associated with visual performance under dim lighting conditions. Inflammatory dietary patterns, low intake of colorful vegetables, chronic metabolic stress, and poor antioxidant status may contribute to retinal stress biology. A whole food plant-based dietary pattern rich in deeply colored vegetables, leafy greens, orange vegetables, berries, and antioxidant-rich whole foods may help support retinal antioxidant systems, photoreceptor membrane stability, endothelial circulation, and retinal cellular resilience. Orange vegetables such as carrot, sweet-potato-orange, pumpkin, butternut-squash, and cantaloupe provide beta-carotene and related carotenoid compounds associated with retinoid metabolism and retinal protection biology. Dark leafy greens including kale and spinach provide lutein and zeaxanthin associated with retinal antioxidant protection and macular pigment support. Tomato, red-bell-pepper, broccoli, blueberry, and orange also contain carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamin C compounds, and polyphenols linked to oxidative defense pathways and vascular support within ocular tissues. Green-tea-brewed and turmeric-ground provide catechins and curcumin associated with antioxidant signaling and inflammatory balance. Maintaining hydration, minimizing highly processed foods, and emphasizing fiber-rich colorful plant foods may help support healthy retinal metabolism, mitochondrial efficiency, endothelial circulation, and photoreceptor stress resistance associated with visual adaptation in low-light environments.