Vitamin A

Also: Retinol; Retinal; Retinoic Acid; Provitamin A Carotenoids (β-Carotene)

Solubility: Fat-Soluble

SUMMARY

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for vision, immune function, cellular growth, tissue maintenance, and normal development. It exists in several for…

Vitamin B1

Also: Thiamine; Thiamin

Solubility: Water-Soluble

SUMMARY

Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for energy metabolism and nervous system function. It serves as a coenzyme in several …

Vitamin B12

Also: Cobalamin; Cyanocobalamin (label form); Methylcobalamin; Adenosylcobalamin

Solubility: Water-Soluble

SUMMARY

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin required for DNA synthesis, nervous system maintenance, red blood cell formation, and methylat…

Vitamin B2

Also: Riboflavin

Solubility: Water-Soluble

SUMMARY

itamin B2, known as riboflavin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in energy production, cellular growth, antioxidant protection, and nutrient …

Vitamin B3

Also: Niacin; Nicotinic Acid; Niacin Equivalent (NE)

Solubility: Water-Soluble

SUMMARY

Vitamin B3, commonly known as niacin, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for cellular energy production, DNA maintenance, metabolic regulation, and cellular …

Vitamin B5

Also: Pantothenic Acid; Coenzyme A Precursor

Solubility: Water-Soluble

SUMMARY

Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin required for the synthesis of coenzyme A, one of the most important molecules involved i…

Vitamin B6

Also: Pyridoxine; Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate (PLP)

Solubility: Water-Soluble

SUMMARY

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin that serves as a critical cofactor in more than one hundred enzyme-driven reactions throughout the human body. The vitami…

Vitamin B7

Also: Biotin; Vitamin H; Coenzyme R

Solubility: Water-Soluble

SUMMARY

Vitamin B7, commonly known as biotin, is a water-soluble B vitamin that functions as an essential coenzyme for several enzymes involved in energy metabolism, f…

Vitamin B9

Also: Folate; L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF); Methylfolate

Solubility: Water-Soluble

SUMMARY

Vitamin B9, known as folate, is a water-soluble vitamin required for DNA synthesis, cell division, amino acid metabolism, and methylation reactions. Folate is …

Vitamin C

Also: Ascorbic Acid; L-Ascorbate; Dehydroascorbic Acid (DHA, oxidized form)

Solubility: Water-Soluble

SUMMARY

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that serves as one of the body’s most important antioxidants. It participates in numerous bi…

Vitamin D3

Also: Cholecalciferol; Calciol

Solubility: Fat-Soluble

SUMMARY

Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions more like a hormone than a traditional vitamin. It plays a central role in c…

Vitamin E

Also: α-Tocopherol; Alpha-Tocopherol; Tocopherols & Tocotrienols (family)

Solubility: Fat-Soluble

SUMMARY

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions primarily as a powerful antioxidant protecting cellular membranes from oxidative damage. The vitamin exists a…

Vitamin K1

Also: Phylloquinone; Phytomenadione

Solubility: Fat-Soluble

SUMMARY

Vitamin K1, also known as phylloquinone, is a fat-soluble vitamin best known for its role in blood coagulation and bone metabolism. It serves as an essential c…