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Phytochemicals Database

Also: Eucalyptol

Class: Monoterpene ether

Function 1,8-Cineole, also called eucalyptol, is a monoterpene oxide phytochemical found mainly in eucalyptus leaves, rosemary, sage, bay leaves, basil, and a…

3,3'-Diindolylmethane

Also: DIM; 3,3′-methylenedi(1H-indole)

Class: Indole dimer (from I3C)

Function 3,3'-Diindolylmethane, commonly called diindolylmethane or DIM, is an indole-derived phytochemical formed from indole-3-carbinol during digestion of …

Class: Phenolic ketone

Function 6-Gingerol is a pungent phenolic phytochemical found predominantly in fresh ginger rhizomes. It contributes significantly to the characteristic flavo…

Class: Phenolic dehydration product

Function 6-Shogaol is a pungent phenolic phytochemical formed primarily during drying, heating, or processing of ginger. It is structurally related to gingero…

Class: Organosulfur (thiosulfinate)

Function Allicin is a sulfur-containing phytochemical formed when garlic cloves are crushed, chopped, or damaged. It is responsible for much of the characteri…

Allyl Isothiocyanate

Also: AITC; mustard oil

Class: Isothiocyanate (ITC)

Function Allyl isothiocyanate is a sulfur-containing phytochemical formed from the glucosinolate sinigrin, found in mustard seeds, horseradish, wasabi, cabbag…

Also: all-trans-alpha-carotene

Class: Carotene (Provitamin A)

Function Alpha-carotene is an orange carotenoid pigment found in carrots, pumpkin, winter squash, sweet potatoes, and some leafy greens. Like beta-carotene, i…

Class: Monoterpene

Function Alpha-Pinene is a bicyclic monoterpene phytochemical found in pine needles, rosemary, basil, parsley, dill, sage, eucalyptus, and additional aromatic…

Class: Phenylpropene

Function Anethole is a phenylpropene phytochemical found mainly in fennel, anise, star anise, basil, and additional aromatic herbs and spices. It contributes …

Also: 4′,5,7-Trihydroxyflavone

Class: Flavonoid (Flavone subclass)

Function Apigenin is a flavone polyphenol found in parsley, celery, chamomile, oregano, thyme, onions, citrus, and several other plant foods and herbs. It fun…

Also: 3,3'-Dihydroxy-beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione

Class: Keto-xanthophyll (Carotenoid)

Function Astaxanthin is a red-orange xanthophyll carotenoid known for strong lipid-phase antioxidant activity and membrane-stabilizing properties. It is natur…

Also: 5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone

Class: Flavone

Function Baicalein is a flavone phytochemical found mainly in Scutellaria species including Chinese skullcap roots, as well as smaller amounts in thyme and ad…

Also: Baicalein-7-O-glucuronide

Class: Flavone glycoside

Function Baicalin is a flavone glycoside phytochemical found mainly in Scutellaria species including Chinese skullcap roots. It is the glycosylated form of ba…

Benzyl Isothiocyanate

Also: BITC; isothiocyanatomethylbenzene

Class: Isothiocyanate (ITC)

Function Benzyl isothiocyanate is an isothiocyanate phytochemical formed from glucotropaeolin, a glucosinolate found in cruciferous and related plants such as…

Also: all-trans-beta-carotene; beta,beta-carotene

Class: Carotene (Provitamin A)

Function Beta-carotene is an orange carotenoid pigment found in carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, winter squash, cantaloupe, leafy greens, and many yellow-ora…

Beta-Cryptoxanthin

Also: (3R)-beta,beta-caroten-3-ol

Class: Xanthophyll (Provitamin A)

Function Beta-cryptoxanthin is an orange xanthophyll carotenoid found in oranges, tangerines, papaya, persimmons, red peppers, pumpkin, and other yellow-orang…

Class: Monoterpene

Function Beta-Pinene is a bicyclic monoterpene phytochemical found in pine needles, rosemary, basil, parsley, hops, dill, and additional aromatic plants. It c…

Also: 4'-Methylgenistein

Class: Isoflavone (O-methylated)

Function Biochanin A is a methylated isoflavone phytochemical found mainly in red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, soy foods, and additional legumes. It contribute…

Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Class: Curcuminoid polyphenol

Function Bisdemethoxycurcumin is a curcuminoid phytochemical naturally present in turmeric rhizomes alongside curcumin and demethoxycurcumin. It contributes t…

Class: Monoterpene alcohol

Function Borneol is a bicyclic monoterpene phytochemical found in rosemary, sage, camphor-containing plants, ginger, and additional aromatic herbs. It contrib…

Class: Phenolic acid

Function Caffeic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid phytochemical found in coffee, blueberries, apples, pears, herbs, potatoes, carrots, and numerous fruits and v…

Class: Monoterpenoid phenol

Function Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenolic phytochemical found in oregano, thyme, savory, and related aromatic herbs. It contributes strongly to the chara…

Class: Monoterpene ketone

Function Carvone is a monoterpene ketone phytochemical found mainly in spearmint, dill, caraway seeds, fennel, and additional aromatic herbs and spices. It co…

Also: (+)-Catechin

Class: Flavan-3-ol

Function Catechin is a flavan-3-ol phytochemical found in tea, cocoa, apples, berries, grapes, cherries, and numerous fruits and plant foods. It belongs to th…

Chlorogenic Acid

Class: Polyphenolic ester

Function Chlorogenic acid is a polyphenolic ester formed primarily from caffeic acid and quinic acid. It is abundant in coffee beans, blueberries, apples, pea…

Also: Geranial + Neral

Class: Monoterpene aldehyde (isomeric mix)

Function Citral is a monoterpene aldehyde phytochemical found mainly in lemongrass, lemon myrtle, lemon balm, citrus peels, and additional aromatic herbs. It …

Class: Monoterpene aldehyde

Function Citronellal is a monoterpene aldehyde phytochemical found mainly in lemongrass, citronella grass, lemon balm, eucalyptus species, and additional arom…

Class: Monoterpene alcohol

Function Citronellol is a monoterpene alcohol phytochemical found mainly in roses, geraniums, lemongrass, citrus plants, and additional aromatic flowers and h…

Class: Diferuloylmethane polyphenol

Function Curcumin is a yellow-orange polyphenolic phytochemical found primarily in turmeric rhizome from the Curcuma longa plant. It belongs to the curcuminoi…

Cyanidin-3-Glucoside

Also: Chrysanthemin; C3G

Class: Anthocyanin (glycoside)

Function Cyanidin-3-glucoside is a glycosylated anthocyanin phytochemical widely found in blackberries, blueberries, black rice, purple corn, cherries, red ca…

Class: Isoflavone

Function Daidzein is an isoflavone phytochemical found mainly in soybeans, soy foods, legumes, and additional plant-derived foods. It belongs to the isoflavon…

Also: Daidzein 7-O-glucoside

Class: Isoflavone glycoside

Function Daidzin is a glycosylated isoflavone phytochemical found mainly in soybeans and soy-derived foods. It is the glycoside form of daidzein and contribut…

Also: Delphinidin chloride (salt form)

Class: Anthocyanidin (aglycone, flavylium cation)

Function Delphinidin is a blue-purple anthocyanidin phytochemical found in blueberries, black currants, bilberries, concord grapes, purple sweet potatoes, egg…

Delphinidin-3-Glucoside

Also: Myrtillin

Class: Anthocyanin glycoside

Function Delphinidin-3-glucoside is an anthocyanin phytochemical found in blueberries, blackcurrants, blackberries, elderberries, purple grapes, and deeply pi…

Demethoxycurcumin

Class: Curcuminoid polyphenol

Function Demethoxycurcumin is a curcuminoid phytochemical found in turmeric rhizomes together with curcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. It contributes to the ye…

Diallyl Disulfide

Class: Organosulfur (allyl disulfide)

Function Diallyl Disulfide is an organosulfur phytochemical found predominantly in garlic and other Allium vegetables including onions and leeks. It forms thr…

Diallyl Trisulfide

Class: Organosulfur (allyl trisulfide)

Function Diallyl Trisulfide is an organosulfur phytochemical found mainly in garlic and additional Allium vegetables including onions and leeks. It forms thro…

Also: Luteolin-4'-O-methyl ether (aglycone of diosmin)

Class: Flavone (O-methylated)

Function Diosmetin is a flavone phytochemical found in citrus fruits, oregano, olive leaves, rosemary, and additional aromatic plant foods. It is also formed …

Also: Hesperetin-7-rutinoside

Class: Flavone glycoside

Function Diosmin is a flavone glycoside phytochemical found in citrus fruits including oranges and lemons. It is structurally related to hesperidin and diosme…

Class: Polyphenolic tannin metabolite

Function Ellagic acid is a polyphenolic phytochemical found in pomegranates, raspberries, strawberries, blackberries, walnuts, pecans, and oak-aged plant food…

Class: Enterolignan (microbiome-derived)

Function Enterodiol is a mammalian lignan metabolite produced through intestinal microbial metabolism of plant lignans found in flaxseeds, sesame seeds, whole…

Class: Enterolignan (microbiome-derived)

Function Enterolactone is a mammalian lignan metabolite formed through intestinal microbial metabolism of dietary lignans found in flaxseeds, sesame seeds, wh…

Also: (-)-Epicatechin

Class: Flavan-3-ol

Function Epicatechin is a flavan-3-ol phytochemical found in cocoa, tea, apples, berries, grapes, cherries, and numerous fruits and plant-derived foods. It is…

Epicatechin Gallate

Class: Flavan-3-ol gallate

Function Epicatechin gallate is a gallated flavan-3-ol phytochemical found mainly in tea leaves, especially green tea and partially fermented tea products. It…

Epigallocatechin

Class: Flavan-3-ol

Function Epigallocatechin is a flavan-3-ol phytochemical found primarily in green tea leaves and additional tea-derived foods. It belongs to the catechin fami…

Epigallocatechin Gallate

Class: Flavan-3-ol gallate

Function Epigallocatechin gallate, commonly called EGCG, is a gallated catechin phytochemical found predominantly in green tea leaves. It is one of the most e…

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)

Also: EGCG; Epigallocatechin gallate

Class: Catechin (Flavan-3-ol subclass)

Function Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, commonly called EGCG, is a green tea catechin and one of the most studied polyphenols in tea leaves. It belongs to the fl…

Also: Eriodictyol-7-rutinoside

Class: Flavanone glycoside

Function Eriocitrin is a flavanone glycoside phytochemical found predominantly in lemons and certain citrus fruits. It contributes to the antioxidant flavonoi…

Also: 4-(methylthio)butyl isothiocyanate

Class: Isothiocyanate (ITC)

Function Erucin is an isothiocyanate phytochemical formed from the glucosinolate glucoerucin, found in cruciferous vegetables such as arugula, broccoli, radis…

Class: Phenylpropene

Function Eugenol is a phenolic aromatic phytochemical found in cloves, cinnamon leaves, basil, bay leaves, nutmeg, and additional aromatic spices and herbs. I…

Class: Phenolic acid

Function Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid phytochemical found in whole grains, oats, rice bran, wheat bran, corn, tomatoes, spinach, coffee, and many fr…

Class: Flavonol

Function Fisetin is a flavonol phytochemical found in strawberries, apples, persimmons, onions, grapes, cucumbers, and additional fruits and vegetables. It co…

Class: Isoflavone (O-methylated)

Function Formononetin is an isoflavone phytochemical found mainly in red clover, chickpeas, beans, legumes, and additional plant-derived foods. It belongs to …

Class: Carotenoid xanthophyll

Function Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid phytochemical found predominantly in brown seaweeds including wakame, kombu, and hijiki, as well as certain marine microa…

Also: 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid

Class: Phenolic acid

Function Gallic acid is a phenolic acid phytochemical found in tea, berries, grapes, walnuts, mangoes, pomegranates, cloves, and numerous fruits and herbs. It…

Gamma-Terpinene

Class: Monoterpene

Function Gamma-Terpinene is a monoterpene phytochemical found mainly in citrus peels, cumin, coriander, oregano, and additional aromatic herbs and spices. It …

Class: Isoflavone

Function Genistein is an isoflavone phytochemical found predominantly in soybeans, soy foods, legumes, and additional plant-derived foods. It belongs to the i…

Also: Genistein 7-O-glucoside

Class: Isoflavone glycoside

Function Genistin is a glycosylated isoflavone phytochemical found mainly in soybeans and soy-derived foods. It is the glycoside form of genistein and contrib…

Class: Monoterpene alcohol

Function Geraniol is a monoterpene alcohol phytochemical found in roses, geraniums, lemongrass, coriander, citrus fruits, and additional aromatic plants. It c…

Also: 3-Indolylmethyl glucosinolate

Class: Glucosinolate

Function Glucobrassicin is an indole glucosinolate phytochemical found predominantly in cruciferous vegetables including broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, …

Gluconasturtiin

Also: Phenethyl glucosinolate

Class: Glucosinolate

Function Gluconasturtiin is a glucosinolate phytochemical found mainly in watercress, garden cress, mustard-family plants, and related cruciferous vegetables.…

Also: Sulforaphane glucosinolate

Class: Glucosinolate

Function Glucoraphanin is a glucosinolate phytochemical found mainly in broccoli, broccoli sprouts, Brussels sprouts, kale, cabbage, and related cruciferous v…

Glucotropaeolin

Also: Benzyl glucosinolate

Class: Glucosinolate

Function Glucotropaeolin is a glucosinolate phytochemical found mainly in cruciferous vegetables including garden cress, watercress, and related Brassica plan…

Class: Isoflavone (O-methylated)

Function Glycitein is an isoflavone phytochemical found primarily in soybeans and soy-derived foods. It is generally present in lower concentrations than geni…

Also: Aglycone of hesperidin

Class: Flavanone

Function Hesperetin is a flavanone phytochemical formed primarily through metabolism of hesperidin, a major citrus flavonoid. It is present in oranges, lemons…

Class: Citrus flavanone glycoside

Function Hesperidin is a citrus flavanone glycoside phytochemical found mainly in oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruits, and other citrus fruits. It is esp…

Also: 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol

Class: Olive phenolic (phenylethanoid)

Function Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic alcohol phytochemical found in olives, olive leaves, and olive-derived foods. It is generated both naturally within oliv…

Indole-3-Carbinol

Also: I3C; 1H-indol-3-ylmethanol

Class: Indole (glucobrassicin metabolite)

Function Indole-3-carbinol is a phytochemical formed from glucobrassicin, a glucosinolate present in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, kale, B…

Also: 3'-O-Methylquercetin

Class: Flavonol

Function Isorhamnetin is a methylated flavonol phytochemical found in onions, pears, sea buckthorn, almonds, olives, kale, and additional fruits and vegetable…

Also: 3,4′,5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone

Class: Flavonoid (Flavonol subclass)

Function Kaempferol is a flavonol polyphenol found in many plant foods including kale, spinach, broccoli, cabbage, beans, tea, onions, and berries. It functio…

Also: Theanine; gamma-Glutamylethylamide

Class: amino-acid-derivative

Function L-Theanine is a non-protein amino acid phytochemical found predominantly in tea leaves, especially green tea, as well as certain mushrooms. It contri…

Class: Monoterpene hydrocarbon

Function Limonene is a cyclic monoterpene phytochemical found predominantly in citrus peels including oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits. It contributes …

Also: 1,2-Epoxymenth-8-ene

Class: Monoterpene epoxide

Function Limonene Oxide is an oxygenated terpene phytochemical formed through oxidation of limonene. It may occur naturally in citrus-derived essential oils a…

Class: Monoterpene alcohol

Function Linalool is a monoterpene alcohol phytochemical found in lavender, basil, coriander, mint, citrus fruits, and numerous aromatic herbs and flowers. It…

Also: (3R,3'R,6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene-3,3'-diol

Class: Xanthophyll (Carotenoid)

Function Lutein is a yellow xanthophyll carotenoid found in leafy greens, corn, peas, pistachios, herbs, and some yellow-orange vegetables. It is especially i…

Also: 3′,4′,5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone

Class: Flavonoid (Flavone subclass)

Function Luteolin is a flavone polyphenol found in celery, parsley, thyme, oregano, peppers, carrots, broccoli, and several medicinal and culinary herbs. It f…

Also: all-trans-lycopene

Class: Carotene (Non–provitamin A)

Function Lycopene is a red carotenoid pigment found primarily in tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit, guava, and some red or pink fruits. It is not a provit…

Class: Anthocyanidin (aglycone, flavylium cation)

Function Malvidin is a purple-red anthocyanidin phytochemical found in blueberries, blackberries, grapes, elderberries, purple rice, and other dark purple pla…

Malvidin-3-Glucoside

Also: Oenin

Class: Anthocyanin glycoside

Function Malvidin-3-glucoside is an anthocyanin phytochemical found predominantly in purple grapes, blueberries, blackberries, red cabbage, and deeply pigment…

Class: Lignan (lactone)

Function Matairesinol is a lignan phytochemical found in flaxseeds, sesame seeds, whole grains, berries, cruciferous vegetables, and additional plant-derived …

Class: Monoterpenoid alcohol

Function Menthol is a monoterpene alcohol phytochemical found mainly in peppermint, mint leaves, and related aromatic herbs. It contributes to the cooling sen…

Class: Monoterpene ketone

Function Menthone is a monoterpene ketone phytochemical found mainly in peppermint, mint leaves, and additional aromatic herbs. It contributes to mint-associa…

Class: Flavonol

Function Morin is a flavonol phytochemical found in guava, figs, almonds, onions, herbs, and additional fruits and plant-derived foods. It belongs to the flav…

Class: Monoterpene

Function Myrcene is a monoterpene phytochemical found mainly in mangoes, hops, lemongrass, thyme, bay leaves, and additional aromatic plants. It contributes t…

Class: Flavonol

Function Myricetin is a flavonol phytochemical found in berries, grapes, onions, tea, kale, herbs, walnuts, and numerous fruits and vegetables. It belongs to …

Class: Citrus flavanone

Function Naringenin is a flavanone phytochemical found in grapefruit, oranges, tomatoes, bergamot, and other citrus fruits. It contributes to the bitter flavo…

Also: Naringenin-7-O-rutinoside

Class: Flavanone glycoside

Function Naringin is a flavanone glycoside phytochemical found mainly in grapefruit and additional citrus fruits. It contributes strongly to the bitter flavor…

Also: all-trans-neoxanthin

Class: Xanthophyll (Carotenoid)

Function Neoxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid found in green leafy vegetables and many photosynthetic plant tissues. In plants, it functions in light-harves…

Class: Monoterpene alcohol (cis-geraniol)

Function Nerol is a monoterpene alcohol phytochemical found in roses, lemongrass, hops, citrus fruits, and additional aromatic plants. It is structurally rela…

Also: 5,6,7,8,3',4'-Hexamethoxyflavone

Class: Polymethoxyflavone

Function Nobiletin is a polymethoxylated flavone phytochemical found mainly in citrus peels including oranges, tangerines, and mandarins. It contributes to th…

Class: Secoiridoid polyphenol (olive)

Function Oleuropein is a secoiridoid polyphenol found mainly in olive leaves, green olives, and extra virgin olive fruit tissues. It contributes to the bitter…

p-Coumaric Acid

Also: 4-hydroxycinnamic acid

Class: Phenolic acid (hydroxycinnamate)

Function p-Coumaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid phytochemical found in tomatoes, peanuts, carrots, garlic, onions, whole grains, berries, and numerous frui…

Class: Monoterpene (aromatic)

Function p-Cymene is a monoterpene phytochemical found mainly in cumin, thyme, oregano, coriander, and additional aromatic herbs and spices. It contributes to…

p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Also: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid

Class: Phenolic acid

Function p-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a hydroxybenzoic acid phytochemical found in berries, coconut, carrots, onions, radishes, grapes, and numerous fruits and ve…

Class: Anthocyanidin (aglycone, flavylium cation)

Function Pelargonidin is a red-orange anthocyanidin phytochemical found in strawberries, raspberries, red radishes, cherries, and certain red-colored fruits a…

Pelargonidin-3-Glucoside

Class: Anthocyanin glycoside

Function Pelargonidin-3-glucoside is an anthocyanin phytochemical found mainly in strawberries, raspberries, red radishes, and red-colored fruits and vegetabl…

Class: Anthocyanidin (aglycone, flavylium cation)

Function Peonidin is a red-purple anthocyanidin phytochemical found in cranberries, cherries, plums, purple grapes, red onions, and various dark-colored fruit…

Peonidin-3-Glucoside

Class: Anthocyanin glycoside

Function Peonidin-3-glucoside is an anthocyanin phytochemical found in cranberries, cherries, purple grapes, red onions, and additional red-purple fruits and …

Perillyl Alcohol

Class: Monoterpene alcohol

Function Perillyl Alcohol is a monoterpene phytochemical found in lavender, mint, cherries, celery seeds, citrus peels, and additional aromatic plant foods. I…

Class: Anthocyanidin (aglycone, flavylium cation)

Function Petunidin is a dark purple anthocyanidin phytochemical found in blackberries, blueberries, chokeberries, purple grapes, and other deeply pigmented fr…

Petunidin-3-Glucoside

Class: Anthocyanin glycoside

Function Petunidin-3-glucoside is an anthocyanin phytochemical found in blueberries, blackcurrants, purple grapes, and deeply pigmented fruits and vegetables.…

Phenethyl Isothiocyanate

Also: PEITC; 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate

Class: Isothiocyanate (ITC)

Function Phenethyl isothiocyanate is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate formed from gluconasturtiin, a glucosinolate found in cruciferous vegetables such as…

Also: Dihydronaringenin (apple dihydrochalcone)

Class: Dihydrochalcone

Function Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone phytochemical found in apples, apple tree bark, pears, strawberries, and additional fruit tissues. It contributes to t…

Also: Phlorizin

Class: Dihydrochalcone glycoside

Function Phloridzin, also called phlorizin, is a dihydrochalcone phytochemical found mainly in apples, apple tree bark, pears, and additional fruit tissues. I…

Also: 15,15'-cis-phytoene

Class: Carotene (Colorless precursor)

Function Phytoene is a colorless carotenoid precursor found in many fruits and vegetables including tomatoes, carrots, peppers, apricots, and citrus. It is on…

Also: 3,4,3',5'-Tetrahydroxystilbene

Class: Stilbene

Function Piceatannol is a stilbene phytochemical found in grapes, passion fruit seeds, blueberries, peanuts, and additional fruits and plant-derived foods. It…

Class: Proanthocyanidin dimer

Function Procyanidin B1 is a dimeric flavanol phytochemical composed of catechin and epicatechin units. It is found in grapes, apples, cocoa, cranberries, cin…

Class: Proanthocyanidin dimer

Function Procyanidin B2 is a dimeric flavanol phytochemical composed primarily of epicatechin units. It is found in cocoa, apples, grapes, cranberries, cinnam…

Class: Proanthocyanidin trimer

Function Procyanidin C1 is a trimeric flavanol phytochemical composed of linked catechin and epicatechin units. It is found in cocoa, apples, grapes, cranberr…

Protocatechuic Acid

Also: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid

Class: Phenolic acid

Function Protocatechuic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid phytochemical found in berries, olives, hibiscus, plums, grapes, onions, and numerous pigmented fruits…

Class: Stilbene polyphenol

Function Pterostilbene is a stilbene polyphenol structurally related to resveratrol and found naturally in blueberries, grapes, and certain tree woods. Compar…

Class: Ellagitannin complex

Function Punicalagin is a large ellagitannin polyphenol found primarily in pomegranate peel, pomegranate juice, and related plant tissues. It is one of the ma…

Also: 3,3′,4′,5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone

Class: Flavonoid (Flavonol subclass)

Function Quercetin is a flavonol polyphenol found in many edible plants, especially onions, apples, berries, capers, leafy greens, and tea. It functions in pl…

Class: Stilbene polyphenol

Function Resveratrol is a stilbene polyphenol found in grapes, blueberries, peanuts, pistachios, cranberries, and Japanese knotweed. It functions in plants as…

Rosmarinic Acid

Class: Phenolic ester (caffeic acid dimer)

Function Rosmarinic acid is a polyphenolic ester phytochemical found in rosemary, basil, oregano, sage, lemon balm, mint, thyme, and many herbs within the Lam…

Class: Quercetin glycoside

Function Rutin is a flavonol glycoside phytochemical composed of quercetin linked to the sugar rutinose. It is found in buckwheat, apples, citrus fruits, aspa…

S-Allyl-L-Cysteine

Class: Organosulfur amino acid

Function S-Allyl-L-Cysteine is a water-soluble organosulfur phytochemical found mainly in aged garlic preparations and garlic-derived foods. It forms through …

Class: Monoterpene

Function Sabinene is a bicyclic monoterpene phytochemical found mainly in black pepper, nutmeg, basil, spruce needles, and additional aromatic herbs and spice…

Secoisolariciresinol

Class: Lignan

Function Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan phytochemical found mainly in flaxseeds, sesame seeds, whole grains, legumes, berries, and additional plant-derived …

Also: 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid

Class: Phenolic acid (hydroxycinnamate)

Function Sinapic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid phytochemical found in mustard seeds, rye, oats, berries, citrus fruits, broccoli, and numerous cruciferous ve…

Also: Allyl glucosinolate; potassium sinigrin (salt forms exist)

Class: Glucosinolate

Function Sinigrin is a sulfur-containing glucosinolate phytochemical found in mustard seeds, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cabbage, kale, horseradish, and relat…

Also: 1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)butane; (S)-sulforaphane

Class: Isothiocyanate (ITC)

Function Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate phytochemical formed from glucoraphanin, a glucosinolate found mainly in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, b…

Also: 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid

Class: Phenolic acid

Function Syringic acid is a dimethoxylated phenolic acid phytochemical found in grapes, olives, dates, pumpkins, acai berries, red wine grapes, and numerous f…

Also: 5,6,7,8,4'-Pentamethoxyflavone

Class: Polymethoxyflavone

Function Tangeretin is a polymethoxylated flavone phytochemical found primarily in tangerine, mandarin, and orange peels. It contributes to the citrus flavono…

Also: Dihydroquercetin

Class: Flavanonol

Function Taxifolin, also known as dihydroquercetin, is a flavanonol phytochemical found in onions, citrus fruits, grapes, milk thistle, conifer bark, and addi…

Class: Monoterpene

Function Terpinolene is a monoterpene phytochemical found mainly in cumin, apples, lilac flowers, tea tree, rosemary, and additional aromatic plants. It contr…

Class: Theaflavin polyphenol (black tea)

Function Theaflavin is a polyphenolic pigment formed during oxidation and fermentation of black tea leaves. It belongs to the theaflavin family created when c…

Class: Polymeric black tea tannin

Function Thearubigin is a complex group of high-molecular-weight polyphenolic compounds formed during black tea fermentation. It contributes significantly to …

Class: Monoterpenoid phenol

Function Thymol is a monoterpenoid phenolic phytochemical found mainly in thyme, oregano, basil, and additional aromatic herbs. It contributes to the characte…

Class: Ellagitannin microbial metabolite

Function Urolithin A is a microbial metabolite produced in the intestine from ellagitannins and ellagic acid found in pomegranates, walnuts, pecans, raspberri…

Also: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid

Class: Phenolic acid

Function Vanillic acid is a methoxylated phenolic acid phytochemical found in vanilla beans, berries, grapes, olives, whole grains, tea, and numerous plant fo…

Also: all-trans-violaxanthin

Class: Xanthophyll (Carotenoid)

Function Violaxanthin is a yellow-orange xanthophyll carotenoid found in green leaves, some yellow fruits, and photosynthetic plant tissues. It functions in p…

Also: (3R,3'R)-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol

Class: Xanthophyll (Carotenoid)

Function Zeaxanthin is a yellow-orange xanthophyll carotenoid found in corn, orange peppers, goji berries, leafy greens, squash, and egg-free plant sources su…

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The information provided on this website is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice and should not be used to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. All nutritional and biochemical content is based on peer-reviewed scientific research and is presented to support informed lifestyle and dietary choices. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your diet, supplement use, or treatment plan.

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